What is a major difference between structural functionalism and conflict theory?

The distinction that focus on institutional arrangements versus social inequality provides a significant contrast between structural functionalism and conflict theory. Structural functionalism views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability. It emphasizes that institutions and social structures play critical roles in maintaining order and the overall functioning of society. In this perspective, each part of society is thought to contribute to its functioning, highlighting the positive aspects of social structures.

In contrast, conflict theory centers around the idea that society is characterized by inequality and struggle between different groups. It argues that social structures create and perpetuate divisions and disparities in power and resources, often to the detriment of marginalized groups. This theory emphasizes how conflicts and power dynamics shape society, focusing specifically on the inequalities that arise from various social institutions.

Thus, understanding these two perspectives illuminates the fundamental differences in how each addresses the structures and relationships within society.