Which concept did NOT emerge from critical theory?

The concept that did not emerge from critical theory is separation/individuation. Critical theory, which stems primarily from the Frankfurt School and emphasizes understanding the social structures and power dynamics that shape societal conditions, gave rise to several important concepts such as intersectionality, conscientization, and social construction.

Intersectionality refers to the interconnected nature of social categorizations such as race, class, and gender, and how these intersect to create overlapping systems of discrimination or disadvantage. This concept arose from critical theory's focus on social justice and the complexity of social identities.

Conscientization, frequently associated with Paulo Freire, involves developing a critical awareness of one’s social reality through reflection and action, emphasizing the role of education in societal change, a core tenant of critical theory.

Social construction deals with the way in which social phenomena or realities are created through social processes and interactions, a perspective that critical theory heavily engages with to explore power relations and social change.

In contrast, separation/individuation is more closely associated with psychological theories, particularly those concerning child development and identity formation, rather than emerging from critical theory's focus on societal structures.