Which dimension is NOT incorporated in the concept of "empowerment"?

The concept of empowerment is fundamentally about enabling individuals and communities to gain control over their lives, improve their circumstances, and actively participate in their social environments. The other dimensions listed are integral to this concept.

Cultivating people's functional competence involves enhancing individuals' skills and abilities necessary for effective participation in society. This is crucial for empowerment, as it equips individuals with the tools they need to effect change in their lives and communities.

The acquisition of required material and non-material resources refers to providing individuals and communities with what they need to thrive, including access to education, job opportunities, and social support networks. Access to these resources empowers individuals to overcome barriers and achieve their goals.

Developing heightened critical consciousness involves fostering awareness of social injustices and power dynamics that affect individuals and communities. This critical awareness is a key component of empowerment, as it encourages individuals to challenge oppressive structures and advocate for change.

In contrast, the clarification of people's historic social roles is not a direct aspect of empowerment. While understanding social roles can be important in certain contexts, particularly in recognizing historical grievances and systemic issues, empowerment focuses more on current capabilities, resources, and consciousness rather than solely on the past. Thus, this dimension does not fit as neatly within the core framework of empowerment.