Which of the following forces is NOT driving increased collaboration in the human services field?

The development of community service projects by federal grants is not primarily a driving force for increased collaboration in the human services field. While these projects can certainly foster community engagement and address specific needs, they are often limited in their scope and focus to the particular objectives of the grant. Federal grants may encourage certain collaborations or initiatives, but they might not inherently promote broad, systemic collaboration among various service providers and stakeholders.

In contrast, the other forces mentioned are more influential in fostering collaboration. The spread of managed care programs has led to the integration of services and partnerships among different providers aiming to meet more coordinated care approaches. Congressional legislation such as the Affordable Care Act has mandated forms of collaboration to ensure that health services are accessible and that providers work together to promote patient care outcomes. The proliferation of case management practices emphasizes the need for collaboration among various professionals in the human services sector to effectively manage services for individuals and families.