Which of the following is not an essential element of an effective op-ed essay?

An effective op-ed essay is meant to engage and persuade the reader about a specific issue, offering insight and encouraging action or change. The essential elements typically include a clear statement of the problem or issue, which sets the stage for understanding the context and importance of the discussion. Additionally, interpreting the causes of the problem helps to provide depth and understanding, allowing readers to grasp the underlying factors contributing to the issue. Presenting a solution is also crucial, as it not only addresses the problem but also invites the reader to consider actionable steps to facilitate change.

In contrast, a brief bio of the author and their interests, while possibly relevant in other contexts, does not serve as a fundamental component of the op-ed's persuasive message. It may add some credibility or background to the author's perspective, but it does not directly contribute to the argument or the engagement of the reader with the main issues at hand. Therefore, while biographical information is often included in various types of writing, it isn’t essential in effective op-ed essays focused on addressing and solving societal problems.