Which of the following theories is not an example of structural functionalism?

Marxist theory is indeed not an example of structural functionalism. Structural functionalism is a sociological perspective that views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability. It emphasizes the role of social institutions and structures in maintaining the social order.

In contrast, Marxist theory focuses on the conflicts between different classes and the implications of economic inequalities within society. It critiques the established social structures and emphasizes the role of power dynamics and historical materialism in shaping societal conditions. Unlike structural functionalism, which looks at how parts of society contribute to overall functioning, Marxism addresses how institutional arrangements favor certain groups over others and suggests that societal change is driven by class struggle.

Pluralist theory, social movement theory, and ecological theory can all relate to structural functionalist perspectives but in different ways. Pluralist theory sees power as distributed among a variety of groups that compete for influence, which can be analyzed through a functionalist lens because it considers how these groups contribute to the overall social balance. Social movement theory examines how collective actions can lead to social change, and while it might highlight conflict, it can also reflect on the functions of social movements in addressing societal needs. Ecological theory applies a systemic approach to human interactions with the environment,